Email and Privacy and how Cyber Law Protects User Rights Research Paper

Email and Privacy and how Cyber Law Protects User Rights - Research Paper Example After the discovery of the internet, electronic communication has rapidly evolved and hence the internet has grown to a complete unregulated and an unplanned phenomenon. The inventors of the internet and the World Wide Web never anticipated that it could lead to extreme undesirable consequences (Bazelon, 2001). The growth rate of the internet has been expanding at an alarming rate where recent studies indicate that the population of internet users is doubling after every three months due to the emergence of social sites as well as development of e-commerce. Many people are turning to electronic means of communication being offered by the internet, especially e-mails which can pass, store, and retrieve information from a database provide by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). However, as the internet becomes more useful day after day, it has been blamed on various sandals of money laundering, moral decay, as well as several legal issues related to privacy and hence the emergence of cy ber laws which contain all the regulatory and legal aspects of the world wide web and the internet(Bazelon, 2001). The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution deals with the issues concerning searches and seizures which may in one way or the other compromise an individual’s privacy and one case that involved such a violation was United States v. Warshak (Trout, 2010). Warshak was enjoying the reasonable expectation of privacy of his e-mails from his Internet Service Provider, Nu Vox until government agents compromised his rights by ordering the ISP to preserve and issue his emails without first obtaining a warrant which was to be based on probable cause, thus in accordance to the Fourth Amendment, the government agents had violated the privacy rights of Warshak. However, the agents depended on good faith with reference to the Stored Communications Act even though this exclusionary rule was not applicable in such a case (Trout, 2010). In another case involving United States v. Bynum, Mr. Bynum gave his information with the expectation that ISP would protect the privacy of his int ernet and phone subscriber information. However the internet service provider violated the Fourth Amendments by releasing personal information of Mr. Bynum to the FBI without them first obtaining subpoenas (Schwartz, 2009). Another similar case involved the U.S v. Councilman, in this particular scenario Councilman retained his client’s personal information especially his competitors through Wiretap in violation of the Wiretap Act. The interception and seizure without consent of his customers was contravention of the Fourth Amendment. Thus there was an urgent need to amend the Wiretap Act to have a broad definition of the word â€Å"intercept† to include electronic communication temporary in transit because the previous definition only encompassed the e-mails on electronic storage in computers. Congress amended the definition on 22nd July 2004 (Bazelon, 2001). Discussion During the case of United States v. Bynum, 08-4207, the court failed to accept the argument from the defendant that the use of subpoenas by the government in an effort to get subscribers information from his ISP was a violation of the Fourth Amendment rights of privacy (Trout, 2010). The court ruled that there was lack of evidence that â€Å"†¦the defendant had a subjective expectation of privacy in his internet and phone subscriber information†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Later he voluntarily accepted that he had freely given his personal data to his ISP and phone company and as a consequence, he had assumed the risk that theses companies could reveal his information to the authorities without his jurisdiction (Trout, 2010). Additionally, the court noted that Bynum was capable of demonstrating a subjective expectation of privacy with regard to this information, and then the information was subject to reasonableness test.

Ip1 personnel and organization policy Research Paper

Ip1 personnel and organization policy - Research Paper Example However, the tests are based according to the position up for recruitment and the type of responsibilities involved by taking up the position. However, Huffcut (2010) argues that interviews are compulsory inclusions of the tests since the give the candidate and the recruiter an opportunity to have a more indulging conversation and it makes recruitment easier and effective. In an existing organization, HR mangers are tasked with the responsibility of evaluating whether a position would be effectively filled with an external or internal candidate. An external candidate has an added advantage since they would bring new working experience in an organization. However, an external selection raises the question of the ability of the personnel to adapt to the new organizational culture (Muchinsky, 2012). An internal selection is appropriate since an organization would be able to retain an inbuilt experience and one that understands the existing organizational culture. This would however limit the rate of exposure an organization benefits from in terms of experience and new working criteria (Huffcut,

Knowledge Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Knowledge Management - Assignment Example nology may come along with challenges such as handling information overload, verifying and locating online expects, efficient knowledge mining approaches, reliability and security issues, filtering knowledge, and managing conflicts whenever many experts are involved. Traditional expert systems were designed for standalone computers. The challenge in this sense is that, many shells do not support the interoperability and openness needed for deploying expert systems over an extensive network. In addition, the internet was originally visualized as a document sharing infrastructure ad any effort to use it for sharing or distributing expert systems must manage all he difficulties. A number of web-based expert tools are easily accessible, but no formal assessment and comparison of diverse ones has been carried out (Hayes-Roth 13). If I were a management consultant, I would recommend the domain-specific knowledge-based expert systems technology to my clients. This is for the reason that it is a valuable resource through which knowledge is gained after some time of experience with a given problem. Most importantly, the expertise is never lost in an organization, rather transferred to other employees through training. Neural network technology has been demonstrated as a useful tool for modeling compound non linear relationships that have hidden data, offering superior prediction powers than traditional statistical techniques can do. This technology can perform tasks that cannot be performed by a linear program. When one of the key elements of a neural network stops working, it can continue without any inconveniences due to its parallel nature. In fact it learns without necessarily being reprogrammed. Further, it can b implemented in an application without many complications because researchers do not need a superior mathematical background, rather a few experiments and expenses. Finally, it is possible to include new outputs and inputs to the database to obtain a new

Media Journal Assignment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Journal Assignment - Term Paper Example In order to do so, Walter gets engaged in the drug dealing profession as well as other criminal activities and gradually becomes remarkably expert in executing his operations of producing and marketing drugs accompanied by one of his former students named Jeese Pinkman (AMC Network Entertainment LLC., â€Å"Returns Summer 2013†). Typical Setting The entire series was aired through several episodes. From an overall perspective, the entire series can be observed to represent the negative psychological effects of a fatal disease on an ordinary person which often gets boosted by his feel of insecurity. The objective of the series has thus been to demonstrate how a deadly disease can completely change an average man into a criminal. Major Characters There are nine major characters in the series comprising of Walter White, his wife Skyler White, his son Walter Junior and his former student Jesse Pinkman. The other characters included Mike Ehrmantraut, a former police officer of Phil adephia, Saul Goodman, a criminal lawyer, Hank Schrader, a ‘Drug Enforcement Administration’ officer and Marie Schrader, sister of Skyler White. Other sub characters included Jesse’s friend Brandon, Hank’s companion Steven Gomez Schrader and Jesse Pinkman’s neighbor Jane Margolis (AMC Network Entertainment LLC., â€Å"Returns Summer 2013†). Who/What is missing from the text? No gaps have been observed in the television program setting maintaining a effective flow from one episode to another for the audiences to follow and interpret the information in an unambiguous way. Step 2: Textual Analysis Description Breaking Bad season 3 explores profoundly into the atmosphere of drug dealership and generates an intense and credible situation for the viewers representing the role of media is the revealing of psychology related motivational causes of criminal activities. Using the term ‘breaking bad’, the producer intends to tell that once a person has conducted criminal act and gets involved in bad activities, the psychology of that particular person becomes unable to adapt his/her previous mental frame. The entire series is about how Walter White gets deeper into the drug business and conducts the activities which were entirely new to him with superior skills. He therefore decided to alter his profession from teaching to drug dealing. However, witnessing the consequences of his decision, Walter was also shown to regret and try his best to bring the circumstances at a normal pace. Analysis The series ‘Breaking Bad Season 3’ does not promote people to sell drugs; rather it shows the negative consequences of continuous mental pressure led by dissatisfaction and the fear of inadequate time to accomplish the desired. For instance, in the episodes it has hardly been observed that Walter White gets benefited from the drug business. Due to this unethical profession, his marital relationship gets hampered signif icantly. Although by engaging in drug business, he might have earned significantly more than being in the teaching profession, Walter had lost the support from family for whom this huge earning was meant. As a consequence of drug business, Walter nearly lost his family, as Skyler decided to end her

The Art of Balancing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Art of Balancing - Assignment Example The examples of such scenarios are rampant around the world, where a few people have decided that there exists a need for change and have gone about it the wrong way resulting in utter failure which has had dire consequences for their cause. This essay discusses the works and leadership tactics of one of the greatest change leaders of our times, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, who lead his nation out of the darkness of the Apartheid and into the burgeoning future, and who has been called one of the most instrumental and inspirational politicians of this century. One of Mandela’s most striking aptitude had been the ability to stay calm under intense pressure and to keep his fear under check so that those who followed him could go. According to Stengel (2008), it was not Mandela’s absence of fear, rather his ability to move beyond it, that managed to make him such an inspirational role model for his people. Researchers such as Groves (2006), note that emotional expressivity is one of the most important skills that a visionary leader has and that it directly affects the level of influence that leader has on the actions of his followers. Hence a leader and his ability to express his emotions a certain way under varying circumstances have a direct impact on the way his followers will react to that same situations. The great leader claims himself that there were many times during his imprisonment in the Robben Island jail, that he was afraid for his life and for the life of the revolutionary change that he wanted to create, but it was his ability to focus beyond the fear which allowed him to maintain and keep strong the faith of those who looked up to him as their leader. As the leader of the African National Congress, and has led an armed struggle against the government, it was to his fellows a great shock when Mandela began negotiations with the government during his imprisonment.  

GOVT 480 DB7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GOVT 480 DB7 - Essay Example nd especially those pertaining to terrorism started and even fusion centers were set up by the Department of Homeland Security to ensure this is taken with the seriousness it deserves. The purpose of the local law enforcers is to report to the state and fusion offices suspicious cases of terrorism activities or other national intelligence from the local level and then work together from there (Cordner and Scarborough, 2010). Not all information on the progress and the step by step measures to be taken should be shared with the local law enforcers by the state. This is so because there are some of the local enforcers who are supporters and followers of the terrorists and act as their moles hence providing them with important security and intelligence information and if this happens to be the case then it may jeopardize the intelligence and action to terminate the terrorism activities. In this regards therefore, national intelligence information provided to the local enforcers should be limited to the basics and not specifics in as much as their help is appreciated. Cordner, G. and Scarborough, K. (January, 2010). â€Å"Information Sharing: Exploring the Intersection of Policing with National and Military Intelligence.† Journal of the Naval Postgraduate School Center for Homeland Defense and Security, vol. VI (1). Retrieved from:

Chester Company Essay Example for Free

Chester Company Essay A unique and interesting problem arose when one company, a monopoly within the business-to-business (B2B) sensor market, split into six companies with identical products and equal footing within the market. As Director of Finance for Chester Company, one of the newly formed entities, it is important for me to identify a strategy that will enable the company to remain viable and be successful in the future. An in-depth analysis of the industry situation report provided good metrics to project future customer desires and total market potential. In order to be successful, the strategy that the management team develops must work within the identified parameters while attempting to predict how the other five companies in the B2B sensor market will proceed. There are only two segments of the B2B sensor market: low technology and high technology. The only product Chester Company offers currently fulfills the needs of both markets but this will change as the newly formed entities revise and develop products to meet customer needs. The high tech segment is appealing but will require continual investment in research and development to maintain the standards that customers expect. It will be easier to meet the needs of the customers within the low tech segment but there will likely be more competition for market share. 1. The strategy that I would like to see the management of Chester Company adopt over the next five years is that of â€Å"niche cost leader† (Capsim Management Simulations, 2012) for the low technology segment of the B2B sensor market and to obtain thirty-five percent of that market. This will be achieved by appealing to customers’ sense of thrift. To cut prices below the competition, management should retain the current product and not invest much in research and development. Production costs must also be greatly reduced. To do this, an early investment in automation is necessary as it will reduce labor expenses in future years which will increase the margin and profitability of the company. This investment will be financed through the issuance of stock and long term bonds. I also plan to provide the marketing department with a very generous budget in the first couple of years to aggressively target the market and increase the awareness and accessibility of the product early on. Short term borrowing will be necessary to finance operations and provide a cash cushion to prevent the need for an emergency loan. 2. There is a great chance for Chester Company to earn good profits within the low tech segment over the next five years. Although the price of the product must be kept to a minimum this will be offset by decreasing costs which increases the contribution margin. Also, there is greater demand for products in the low technology segment of the B2B sensor market which is expected to increase approximately ten percent each year. However, Chester Company shareholders may realize a loss in the first year due to the high marketing budget and cost of labor because the automation rating is low. Unfortunately, some sacrifices will need to be made early on to realize greater profits in the long term. 3. The product that is most important to the success of Chester Company is Cake; the product currently being produced. During the first year of business, this product will have the ability to appeal to customers across both segments of the B2B sensor market and will ultimately become the favored product of the low tech segment. Management will take advantage of the dual appeal of Cake in the first year by taking a portion of both the low tech and high tech markets in an attempt to retain some profitability. Ultimately, the product will be positioned so that it takes a large portion of the low tech market and will likely not take any portion of the high tech market by the fifth year. The plan that I developed focuses primarily on the success of the company for the next five years as there will be a lot of volatility in the market and further projections are impossible to make at this time. It is difficult to predict how the competitors within the B2B sensor market will be positioned which makes it essential for management to decrease costs as much as possible and increase market share within the low technology segment of the market. My advice to the rest of the management team is to avoid the appeal of developing a new product for either market early on and to avoid the high tech market altogether within the first five years because it will be difficult enough to remain profitable and succeed without squandering business assets on developing a product which will have little chance of being profitable within that timeframe.